1. Our coating reacts with thiol compounds within microbes to disrupt cell metabolism and multiplication.  
2. After light activation, it produces reactive radicals that can oxidize cell membrane lipids, proteins and enzyme, for viruses it can oxidize protective protein capsules containing mRNA disrupting the virus from proliferating.  
3. Its surface carries electrical charge that disrupts cell membrane lipid charge balance, resulting in rupturing of cell membranes and cell death.

Our coating is a stable nanocomposite material, that is relatively pH neutral and non-toxic to humans (passing SGS RoHS testing), with no toxic organic solvents.

Our coating is a semiconductor material, after light radiation the TiO2 light absorption, valence electrons are excited into a higher energy level, valence band into conduction band producing electron hole pairs. Electron hole pairs will react with water in the air to produce OH free radicals. These free radicals can oxidize TVOC and formaldehyde forming water(H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) with no secondary pollutants.

No, our coating is an inorganic semiconductor material, as long as it is present on the surface of the object, it can be activated by light to oxidize organic residue. Biogard Technology acts as the catalyst for the reaction but does not change after the reaction, so its effect does not weaken over time.

1. Our coating exists as a stable and inert chemical state, under normal environments is unreactive, in theory our products have long lasting effects.
2. Our coating's efficacy may be reduced due to:
   -  Long term exposure to strong acid (PH10) conditions that dissolve or deteriorate the coating.
   -  Long term exposure to high temperatures (>500C); High temperatures can change Titanium dioxide crystal structure and increase average particle size from agglomeration.
   -  Coating is removed by physical abrasion or weathering.
   -  Coating surface is obstructed by pollutant, preventing light from reaching the material.
3. Our coating's activity value maybe reduced due to contact with very high concentrations or substances that are unable to be decomposed such as high concentrations of benzene or inorganic dust particle. Generally the solution is to wash the surface with water and then expose to a strong concentration of UV light. After several times of washing and lighting, our coating should return to its original efficiency.

1. Public Health Safety (schools, hospitals, airports, daycares, nursing homes, shopping malls, gyms, etc.)
2. Green Building Materials（glass, lighting, air conditioning, house furnishings, curtains, tiles, flooring etc.）
3. 3C Products（touchscreens, keyboard & mouse, casing, button panels, etc.）
4. Medical Devices (textiles such as masks & filters, bandages, gloves, surgical caps, nursing equipment, medical clothing, hospital windows, etc.）
5. Agriculture & Livestock（prevention of Bird Flu, Citrus Canker, etc.）
6. Others（aquaculture, atmospheric purification, water purification, public parks, etc.）

Not at all, Biogard Technology has obtained FDA registration and listing, as well as Swiss SGS & China Center for Disease Control skin and oral cytotoxicity reports showing no cytotoxic responses in cells. Alongside USA MicroBac antiviral and MedicalCentre antibacterial reports, Biogard Technology has done tests for various globally recognized standards and quality benchmarks.

Please see the antimicrobial test reports, Biogard Technology can still achieve over 99% antimicrobial efficacy under no light conditions (24hr).

1. Biogard Technology’s main purpose is for antimicrobial, and have several differences compared to commercially available antimicrobial agents or coatings.
2. There are different types of antimicrobial agents on the market: mainly split into antimicrobial agents with organic solvents or inorganic solvents.
3. See Product Comparison Table below:

Biogard Technology is close to pH neutral and non-toxic, its antimicrobial coating is long lasting without the need to reapply constantly. It can reduce and prevent epidemic and cross infection in indoor environments in two ways:
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1. It can kill bacterial cells by reacting with thiol groups in cells.
2. It can decompose bacteria, viruses and other microscopic organisms at the same time not affecting patient's health as it is non-toxic to humans.

Therefore, all coated areas do not need to be quarantined. Compared with traditional disinfection methods, normal isopropyl alcohol disinfection methods only works short term. Over time, bacterial numbers start to multiply and the risk of infection increases. Bleach disinfection requires patients to leave the area and leaves a strong after smell that can cause irritation to some patients.

General disinfecting practices are still required because after coating in situations with high volume of people or contaminants - the surface may be affected and lose some efficiency. We recommend using traditional disinfecting along-side Biogard Technology to have an even greater efficiency at protecting against contamination and disease transmission.

Biogard Technology consists of singular nano particles that use nano technology to dope nano silver onto the surface of nano titanium dioxide alongside nano dispersion techniques to produce Biogard Technology nanocomposite material. This technology is patented in several countries and is different than many of the photocatalysts on the market today.

Many of the photocatalyst material on the market contain solvents with added nano silver but need to distribute it evenly on photocatalytic material dispersants. The added chemicals are what make the solution acidic with a translucent white to pale white colour and some sedimentation. These solvents and dispersants also have strong odours that are proven to be harmful to human health. Other proclaimed photocatalysts should be carefully considered for its quality despite the price difference.

In general, human skin cells have their own protective measures; therefore do not affect skin cells as much. Biogard Technology has sent our product to do skin cytotoxicity testing at the Chinese Center for Disease and Control and the results showed that Biogard Technology showed zero cytotoxic responses to cells, with LD50>5000mg/kg.

1. Antibacterial rate is measured using an ATP meter, originally invented by NASA intended to be used to scan for life in outer-space, in recent years ATP testing meters are used in the medical and the food industry.
2. ATP meter tests for presence of adenosine tri-phosphate（ATP). All living cells from bacteria to animals use and produce ATP in a wide variety of metabolic pathways. Therefore, measuring ATP is a way to determine the presence of microbes on a surface.
3. Real time testing：Luciferase + Luciferin + ATP reaction results can be quantified in under 15 seconds
4. Interpretation：The resulting value is displayed as relative light units (RLU) which means that the higher the amount of ATP present, the more light is given off in the reaction with Luciferin. Generally speaking, low RLU value shows low microbial counts and high RLU value means high contamination or microbial activity

1. Microbes and bacteria are usually measured in CFU, CFU/mL colony forming units, and represented in CFU/100mL.
2. From literature the ATP meter value of RLU whencalculated is around 0.6 times compared to CFU; a value of 1000RLU whenconverted would be around 600CFU.

Normal maintenance only requires wiping gently with a wet cloth.